The Health Ministry on Wednesday notified GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) drugs, which are prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, must be taken under medical supervision. The misuse of GLP-1 drugs without clinical oversight can lead to severe health complications.
The release added that there are various side effects, both mild and serious, to taking GLP-1 drugs, from nausea and dizziness to pancreatitis and medullary thyroid cancer. Here's all you need to know about the risks, use and regulations about the drug.
How do GLP-1 drugs work?
When we eat, the body breaks food into simple sugars that enter the bloodstream. GLP-1 is activated in response, signalling the pancreas to release insulin that helps move sugar from the blood into cells for energy. GLP-1 also lowers glucagon levels, stopping the liver from releasing extra sugar.
“GLP-1 agonist medications work by mimicking this hormone and trigger the same effects for longer. They stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin, suppress glucagon hormone – together working as a replacement of the GLP-1 hormone to control blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes,” the Health Ministry article explained.
What are the GLP-1 drugs on the market?
GLP-1 medication was first approved by the United States’ Food & Drug Administration in 2005, and since then several of them have become very popular in treating diabetic and obese patients. Some of these include - Semaglutide injection, Semaglutide tablets, Liraglutide, Tirzepatide, Dulaglutide and Exenatide.
What are the side effects of GLP-1 drugs?
These drugs are a significant medical breakthrough in treating type 2 diabetes and obesity, but they are not without risk. The drugs carry a wide range of side effects - from common symptoms like nausea and vomiting to severe complications.
The Health Ministry release stated that these drugs must be taken under medical supervision. The misuse of GLP-1 drugs without clinical oversight can lead to severe health complications.
How is the Centre planning to curb the misuse of GLP-1 drugs?
Multiple variants of GLP-1 drugs have recently been introduced in the Indian market, and concerns have emerged regarding their on-demand availability through retail pharmacies, online platforms, wholesalers, and wellness clinics. To prevent unauthorised sale, unsupervised use, and other malpractices, the Drug Controller of India has intensified its regulatory surveillance, warning that the drugs can lead to serious side effects if not taken under strict medical supervision.
India's regulatory authorities have taken firm steps to prevent unsupervised use and malpractices in the supply chain. Patients and the public are strongly advised to consult a qualified medical specialist before use, and to obtain these medications with a prescription only through legitimate, regulated channels, the release concluded.
